多种影片编辑技术

 

学习如何编辑影片时,尝试并掌握各种技术非常重要。这能够帮助你了解推动故事发展的不同方式,并且发现自己喜欢的手法。之后,这些手法可以随着你愈来愈有自信,而成为你的个人专属风格。学习影片编辑时掌握这些不同的技术,你将能在短时间内创造出令人印象深刻的作品。

蒙太奇

蒙太奇是快速推动角色发展或故事情节的理想工具。运用简短的片段组成影片,而且通常以一首歌或一段音乐为背景,让影片剪辑师可以在一个快速场景中充分利用许多不同镜头。要正确做到这一点,需要相应技巧、大量的镜头以及了解蒙太奇结束后,影片和人物会在哪里。运用蒙太奇的代表作品包括迪斯尼皮克斯动画工作室制作的《飞屋环游记》(Up)、《洛奇》(Rocky) 系列电影中的训练场景,以及《死亡幻觉》(Donnie Darko) 的结尾。

Match cuts

Using a match cut allows video editors to create continuity between scenes by matching the action or the subject from one scene to the next. This gives editor the opportunity to move a story along quickly between seemingly unrelated scenes without confusing the viewer. Classic examples include the ape throwing a bone in the air at the start of 2001: A Space Odyssey, with a match cut turning the bone into a satellite, and Lawrence of Arabia blowing out a match which then cuts to the sun rising over the desert. To master match cuts, try to consider what objects and subjects relate to each other, however obliquely, and think how they could be put together to make your film look professional.

J and L cuts

J and L cuts are common techniques used when editors want to utilize audio from one scene over the video of another. An L cut is when the audio from the first scene carries on over the footage of the second. A J cut is the opposite, with audio from the second scene heard while the first scene is still on screen. It’s fun to play around with the timing of when audio comes in on certain scenes, with the overlaps helping to tie things together if they’re placed correctly.

动作跳接

这个手法简单又实用,是所有影片剪辑师都该掌握的工具。这项技术如同字面意思,即在动作发生时剪接,或是结束某个场景,或是切换到不同的角度。这能够让动作拥有更强的冲击力。有经验的剪辑师均深谙快速切换角度和剪接技巧,令观众目不转睛。《黑客帝国》(The Matrix) 中的打斗场景,以及《低俗小说》(Pulp Fiction) 里的众多枪战,都是动作跳接的典型例子。

随音乐剪辑

音乐在影片编辑中的作用不容小觑。事实上,声音应该与视觉具有同等分量。确保蒙太奇与你使用的歌曲或音乐彼此契合。如果可以,为自己的影片购买音乐授权或是制作音乐是值得的,因为免版税的曲目通常质量不佳,让整个成品成为败笔。保罗·托马斯·安德森 (PT Anderson) 和韦斯·安德森 (Wes Anderson) 两位导演的电影,是如何根据音乐进行剪辑的范例,尤其是在使用蒙太奇时。

Cutaways

Cutaways allow video editors to develop a character or scene with just a few frames from different angles. Rather than focusing just on what a character or subject is saying, these simple cuts help build a picture quickly, focusing on objects that are around them. If a gun is going to be used in a scene, a quick cutaway to this will signal to viewers its importance and the fact that it will sooner or later be fired. This technique requires placing lots of small cuts within a longer scene and a clear understanding of what you want the scene to show. Learning how to use video editing software properly will help develop cutaway skills.

Parallel editing

Parallel editing is the process of cutting between scenes that are occurring at the same time. By moving between the two, editors can build tension, especially if the audio remains the same across the footage by using J or L cuts. It’s a tried and tested tactic in thriller and fantasy movies, in particular The Lord of the Rings trilogy.

调整导出设置

正确的导出设置可以确保影片不会因为档案太大,而无法在智能手机和平板电脑等设备上播放。一定要熟悉编解码器,这些是影片需要采用的文件储存格式。如果要为 YouTube 或 Vimeo 制作影片,请降低分辨率,同时确保画面播放速度正确:电影是每秒帧数 24 帧,电视则是每秒帧数 30 帧。未能掌握这一点,可能会让你的影片很难在热门在线平台播放。

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