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Tanto si tienes un perro como si no, dibujar uno es sencillo cuando conoces los pasos adecuados.
En este tutorial aprenderás a dibujar un perro. Está dirigido a principiantes, pero incluso los artistas experimentados aprenderán un par de cosas. Veremos consejos para dibujar en una computadora o tableta, pero también puedes seguir estos pasos si dibujas con lápiz y papel.
Así que agarra lo que estés usando y empecemos…
Cómo dibujar un perro, parte 1 Las formas básicas
Three circles
To understand how best to draw something, it’s always helpful to reduce the image to some basic forms. Getting the size and position of these forms right helps achieve the correct proportions.
In the case of a dog, we can reduce it to three circles. The bottom two circles will form the body and the top circle will form the face.
Muzzle
Add another smaller circle to the top circle – this will form the dog’s muzzle. Then connect the two bottom circles to form the dog’s body. Use one line to connect the top of the circles and another to join the bottom, as shown here.
Legs and tail
Now it’s time to add the legs – two coming from the front circle and two from the back. It’s important to remember that the proportions of dog legs are different to human ones. Use the guide pictured here to make sure you have the joints in the right position. Make sure that the position of the legs is correct and that they face the right direction and that all the joints bend the right way.
At this stage you can also add the tail. Simply draw a straight line at a slight upward angle from the top of the rear circle.
Face
To form the dog’s face, we need to add the nose, eyes and ears. As we’re drawing the dog in profile, you only need to add one of each. Sketch the eye using a lying-down V shape. Use a triangle for the ear. Then use a circle or square for the nose. For now the most important thing is getting the size and position of these details correct.
Contornos 1
Ahora podemos empezar a perfilar el cuerpo y los rasgos del perro. Si utilizas papel, es mejor emplear un lápiz o un bolígrafo más oscuro y suave. Si utilizas un dispositivo digital, lo mejor es abrir una nueva capa de dibujo y suavizar los bocetos en los que has estado trabajando hasta ahora.
Puedes combinar dos técnicas diferentes para conseguir el mejor contorno. Para la parte superior del cuerpo, utiliza líneas normales. Luego, para crear un aspecto realista en la parte inferior, utiliza líneas de sombreado para que el pelaje no quede plano como en la parte superior.
Para la zona del pecho y el vientre, puedes seguir el círculo de tu boceto preliminar y ajustarlo ligeramente para conseguir la forma correcta del cuerpo. La frente, el hocico y la nariz pueden unirse para producir una forma continua. Luego, para añadir grosor a las patas, dibuja contornos a ambos lados de la línea matriz que dibujaste antes. Y recuerda: las patas tienden a ser más gruesas en la parte superior.
Contornos 2
Todavía tenemos que dibujar el par de patas más alejadas. Los pares de patas parecen bastante idénticos en la vista lateral. Lo único que debes tener en cuenta es que los perros tienden a colocar las patas traseras un poco más separadas que las delanteras.
En esta fase también podemos desarrollar el hocico. No dudes en añadir una lengua babosa si quieres.
Cómo dibujar un perro, parte 2 Poses diferentes
Circles
Using the steps above, you can draw dogs in all sorts of poses. The first step is to position the circles correctly. With a little practice, you’ll get the hang of finding the best proportions and spacing for them.
Legs, eyes, muzzle
As before, pay attention to the joints and their alignment when pre-drawing the legs. When you draw in the central axis of the head, it’s easier to determine the correct positions for the eyes and muzzle, especially if you want to depict the dog in half profile.
Ears, tip of the nose
For now, you can roughly indicate the position of the nostrils on the dog’s nose. We’ll go into more detail on this later.
The basic shape for a dog’s ear is a triangle but for certain poses, this doesn’t work. Other basic shapes are useful as a starting point but you’ll need to adjust these on a case-by-case basis. Take a look at these different ways of doing it.
Keep in mind that a dog’s ears are an essential part of its expression. Erect ears suggest alertness or even aggression. If you want your dog to be relaxed, you should let the ears hang.
Outlines
For the quick, sketchy style depicted, you can roughly trace the preliminary drawing with the outlines, then add hair with the help of quick zigzag lines.
Depending on the pose and perspective, you’ll need to vary how you draw different parts of the body, bulges and indentations, bones, muscles, wrinkles, etc. You can often work out the right places for them using your imagination. Sometimes you might need to take a closer look at the anatomy of a dog.
By using the simple steps described here, you can get pretty far in most cases. As with any subject, the best way to capture it most accurately is to draw directly from a living model.
Cómo dibujar un perro, parte 3 Elaboración
Para la siguiente etapa dibujaremos un perro en pose relajada. Este perro se parecerá más a un golden retriever.
Ojos
Los ojos de los perros son más circulares que los de los humanos. Así que empieza con un círculo y añade los párpados bastante cerca del círculo. En el centro del círculo, dibuja una pupila. Para el resplandor, añade un punto de luz ligeramente desplazado en la parte superior. Si utilizas un lápiz, piensa en el punto de luz antes de dibujar, o ten a mano una buena goma de borrar.
Nariz
La nariz de un perro es una estructura bastante complicada, con algunas protuberancias y pliegues. He aquí un proceso sencillo para moldear la nariz del perro desde una perspectiva frontal:
1. Empieza con un cuadrado ancho, proporcionalmente como una hoja de papel A4 apaisada. Redúcelo a la mitad en altura y anchura. (En la mitad superior, la línea vertical bisectriz no es tan importante).
2. Coloca las fosas nasales en la línea central horizontal, cada una a la mitad del punto central. En los lados, haz una marca en ángulo hacia abajo a ¾ de distancia de la parte superior.
3. Redondea ligeramente los bordes.
4. Con la forma de caracol, une las marcas a ¾ de distancia con las fosas nasales. En la parte inferior, pon una V en el centro.
5. Une la V y la mitad superior con una línea curva. Las fosas nasales también se estrechan ligeramente hacia los lados a las 5 en punto (para la derecha) y a las 7 en punto (para la izquierda).
6. Elimina las líneas guía, excepto la vertical, que apunta hacia abajo desde el centro.
Muzzle, mouth
From the front, the muzzle looks like a W. In this drawing, the dog is looking slightly to the right, so the right side of the W should be a bit narrower than the left. The tongue comes out directly under the W and hangs out over the lower lip.
Paws
For the paws, you can again start with a basic shape. This time, use a slightly wider square than for the nose. Offset the bottom edges of the four toes very slightly in height to give the paws some depth. You can then give the toes more definition by adding spaces.
Rough outlines
Now it’s time to make the preliminary drawing a continuous shape. The neck goes directly into the body. Below the neck, Golden Retrievers have a kind of collar. At the top of the front legs, there are shoulders on both sides, which mark the transition from leg to body. So in this simplified form, use subtle corners on the outer lines, at about the level of the collar.
For the moment the outlines can still be smooth connecting lines. They help us for the next step.
Final outlines
As before with the standing dog, you can indicate fur in the outlines with quick hatching strokes. This softens the hard edges of the outlines and gives the dog its fluffiness.
Cómo dibujar un perro, parte 4 Coloración
Colores
Una de las ventajas de trabajar digitalmente es la enorme gama de tonos de color. Aquí hay muchos flujos de trabajo posibles, dependiendo del software y del artista. Una opción es trabajar con niveles de relleno para cada tono de color individual. Esto te brinda la oportunidad de ajustar y cambiar cada color al final.
Para este perro, necesitamos al menos seis tonos. Aquí tenemos cuatro tonos de marrón para el pelaje, un tono base, dos gradaciones más oscuras para el sombreado y una más clara para las zonas iluminadas. También podemos utilizar un tono rosa claro para la lengua y un tono marrón muy oscuro para los ojos, la nariz y la sombra que el hocico proyecta sobre la lengua.
No tienes por qué ceñirte a unos pocos tonos. Pero conviene empezar con una paleta de colores manejable y luego ampliarla cuando sea necesario.
Shadow 1 hard
With the lighter of the two shading browns, you can roughly define some shadow areas. Try to imagine which areas are directly illuminated by the light and which are in shadow. Also think about whether parts of the body cast shadows on other areas. In this case, we’ll assume that the light comes from above, so the lower edges of the body parts tend to be in shadow.
You can also highlight the muzzle, eyes and cheeks a bit, and in some places you can make fur markings for the pattern in the dog's coat.
Shadow 1 soft
This dog has a soft coat, so we want to achieve that effect in the drawing. To get the effect pictured here, soften the shading with a 0% soft pencil outer edge. If you’re using pencil on paper, you can use an estompe for this technique to get more accurate smudging than using your fingers. Blurring has the effect of making the basic tone of the dog look as soft as possible.
Light
Now, let’s work with the light brown tone on the upper edges of the body parts. With the two hard brown tones (i.e. very light and very dark) we can create the impression of fur. You can build a fur brush for this purpose. So instead of a line (i.e. many dots stuck together), it draws lots of hairs at random – smaller, larger or even slightly twisted. Most graphic programs offer brush presets but you can also create a brush like this yourself quite easily. All you have to do is paint a single hair and adjust the settings. The alternative is to draw the fur using skillful hatching or drawing lots of hairs.
Shadow deep
To give the dog a little more depth of color, work the darkest parts with the very dark brown tone using the fur technique above. By this point, you’ll be able to tell whether the individual shades go well together. If you’ve worked with fill levels, you can always readjust the shades and gradations.
Tu lindo y adorable perro ya está completo. Según tu estilo, puedes profundizar en los detalles. Puedes mantener un aspecto más abocetado o llevar el nivel de detalle hasta el fotorrealismo.
Espero que hayas disfrutado siguiendo este flujo de trabajo y dibujando a la vez. Siempre hay diferentes maneras de hacer un dibujo, así que sigue aportando tus propias ideas, pero tampoco dejes de buscar inspiración en los demás.
¡Diviértete dibujando y hasta pronto!
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